Penthouses in Russia: the beginning of traditions.
Penthouses in Russia: the beginning of traditions.
In one film inhabitants of the Petersburg municipal apartment in
Result of an incomprehensible curvature of space find out on
Attic of the house... A window to Paris. Having passed through it, they
Appear not somewhere, and in the real Parisian
To penthouse.
That, probably, completely not casually, after all the French
The capital also is "native land" of penthouses the PARISIAN PAST In the seventeenth
Century to the Parisian architect Francois Mansaru, the adherent
The French classicism, has come to mind to arrange rooms under
High roofs. This idea has been realised in the constructed
Mansarom in 1642-1651 palace-hotel SHato de Attics.
On an attic rooms for servants and not so notable have arranged
Visitors.
By name the architect such rooms began to name penthouses.
However, across Europe they have extended not at once. In their XIX century
Still perceived as a part Parisian "couleur local"
(Local colour). Simultaneously they start to associate with
Bohemian way of life. In a penthouse reality served as dwelling
Not only for bohemia, but also for seamstresses, students, street dealers
And other not too well-founded public. However
The Parisian artists and poets have sung of a penthouse, having created its world
Glory.
XX-th century PENTHOUSES. Despite all poetry and
Appeal of a life in penthouses, they long time remained
Dwelling for poor in the absence of elementary conveniences. Peak
Interest to penthouses in Europe has fallen to the end of 1940th years:
After II world war in many countries because of inflow of refugees and
Emigrants the housing problem has become aggravated.
To solve it it was possible in the big degree thanking
To mansard building. Then the relation to penthouses has changed
- With distribution of an electricity, a waterpipe, the penthouse lift
Began to get the status of elite habitation gradually.
In the middle of the penthouse XX-th century were ideally entered in the city
Environment. In old Europe houses with the abrupt have been extended
skatnymi roofs, under many of which not one century
Attics were empty impressive volumes. And modern
Communications already allowed to balance on comfort a mansard floor with
Any another.
Unique defect was that at usual vertical
The windows which have been built in a roof, penthouses were shined not too well.
The INVENTION of the MANSARD WINDOW. This problem has been solved in 1942
To year when Danish engineer Villum of Cannes-Rasmussen has invented
Special mansard window. It have established in a roof of local school
Islands Mando where was born and worked Rasmussen. The first mansard
The window was wooden with the zinc salary and opened from below
Upwards. Those years a design of the salary which has been thought up Rasmussenom,
Fine protected from a bad weather.
After all the roof is most of all subject to influence
The elements: upon it fall both a rain, and a wind, and snow, and
Hailstones.
Loading on mansard inclined windows always more than on
Vertical surfaces. However new windows of engineer Rasmussena
Guaranteed water resistance and reliability.
VELUX = AIR + LIGHT Soon for this invention was
Not less successful name - VELUX is thought up. It has arisen from
Connections of Latin words Ventilatio (air) and Lux (light). These
Words Rasmussen has precisely expressed the main thing in a new window - air and
Light. Really, its window in illumination and ventilation is strong
Surpassed all designs known by then.
FORMATION VELUX. In 1942 the trading has been registered
Stamp VELUX. Rasmussen continued the workings out. And in 1948
There is a window with axial rotation for which are invented
The special hinges located out of a frame. This simple, but
The ingenious idea has made revolution in application of mansard windows.
Opening of window VELUX on an average horizontal axis facilitated
Management, and division of streams arising thus warm and
Cold air accelerated room airing. In comparison with
The first, vertically opening window, it it became ready
It is more convenient to wash, having turned an outer side in a room. In
The next years both window type developed and improved.
For windows with axial rotation frame turn on 160 became possible
Degrees and fixing in the slightly opened position. It was added
The ventilating valve which passed air even at the closed
Window so, provided room ventilation under any weather conditions.
Windows with vertical opening have appeared are irreplaceable for
Regions where flat roofs are extended.
New models demanded innovations in manufacture, that, in the
Turn, promoted the further development of firm. All models
There passed careful tests. Phrase Rasmussena "is better one
Experiment, than one thousand opinions of experts "became the motto,
Inspiring on job of the engineer and its colleagues. Successes of firm
Involved to VELUX all new partners.
EXIT ON the WORLD MARKET. Gradually there was a statement
Production VELUX in the world market. In 1944 the first windows
VELUX were made under the licence and were on sale in Sweden. After
Wars export of mansard windows to the Great Britain has begun. Big
Co-production with the German partner became a step forward
E.G.Albert in Germany.
Today the companies on sale of windows VELUX are almost in all
The European countries. In many countries are opened as well branches
On manufacture of mansard windows.
In 1975 firm VELUX has made grandiose jump through
Atlantic ocean also has based at first trading, and then and
Industrial the companies in the USA. States were followed by Canada.
Naturally, windows adapted for local conditions and traditions.
In 1980 the markets of Japan, Australia, Chile and New have been mastered
Zealand. For Japan VELUX has developed a number of models, specially
Considering local climatic conditions. In 1990 production
The companies has appeared in Central and the Eastern Europe.
At last, in 1993 the turn of Russia has come. It was found out, that
Requirements for mansard windows at us are huge also the Russian market
It is rather perspective.
The DECISION of the PROBLEM of HABITATION. Well-known, that in Russia exists
Deficiency of habitation and office premises. The device of penthouses under roofs
Existing buildings is capable to solve this to some extent
Problem. Apartments and offices in penthouses are rather inexpensive on
To the several reasons: it is not required new communications, rationally
The area of buildings and developed infrastructure are used,
Accordingly, the cost price of building more low on 15-20 %. In
Penthouses apartments of any type - as elite can settle down,
And more modest.
The superstructure of penthouses on "five-storey apartment blocks" will presumably give nearby
1 million apartments.
The comfort of a penthouse directly depends on illumination, and all these
New apartments and offices cannot exist without the mansard
Windows.
The majority of houses in Russia has flat roofs. To achieve
The necessary illumination at such roofs it is possible only by means of windows,
Specially adapted for similar cases.
UPDATING of the OLD ATTIC. A sunlight which is passing through
Mansard window, it is capable to change any uninhabited premise.
It concerns not only city houses, but also summer residences and cottages.
Many Russian summer residents dream to equip on the attic
Children's or guest room. Very often country attic is
Simply warehouse of unnecessary things. It appears, to transform the such
Dark, dusty premise in a cosy light interior at all
Difficultly. Windows VELUX are established both in old, and in again
The constructed house.
Job occupies all pair of hours, as windows completely
Are ready to installation. They are delivered complete with necessary
The equipment and the instruction. It is thus absolutely indifferent, from
What material the roof is made.
In HARMONY With the NATURE. Certainly, use of an uninhabited attic
For the device of additional premises has first of all
The rational bases. But the desire to live in penthouses is very frequent
It is dictated by other reasons. Are important here
The psychological reasons:
The penthouse personifies a cosiness and privacy, and at the same time
Possibility to observe from height behind a life of the big city or
Admiring a rural landscape. A penthouse - an interior, where "blind"
The ceiling of usual apartment is replaced with a roof with the windows looking in
The sky. Mansard windows give to the person what it, as a rule,
It is deprived, living in a city, - a life in harmony with the nature.
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//* an information Source: the Samara review, 1.03.99
//* Reg. Nom. - 1090300007.04-------------------------------------------
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